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This twitter thread describes a very good method for dealing with and sharing online information about breaking news, very relevant now with the invasion of Ukraine but it's relevant all the time: https://twitter.com/holden/status/1496889691936727042
S - Stop, and consider whether you know what you're seeing/reading and what you know about it.
I - Investigate the source, with an eye towards a) is it a source likely to know about what they're reporting, and b) does this source have incentives to check themselves and get things right?
F - Find better coverage. Search for others reporting the same thing. Look for sources you know have credibility.
T - Trace the origin of the information. Sometimes several articles report the same thing, but when you read you find they all attribute it to the same source, and that initial source may have unknown reliability.
Click the link to read Mike Caulfield's thread summarizing it, or here for more: https://hapgood.us/2019/06/19/sift-the-four-moves/
Re: SIFT
Now, maybe you're right that lots of people out there are mis-applying "check the source" to refute logical arguments because they're seeing a lot of warnings about unverifiable or false reports. I haven't seen that. Or maybe you're misunderstanding what people are doing, because you don't often get that people mistrust biased arguments that have some valid logic in them, because they can't tell whether the source is leaving relevant things out, and checking the source is a valid way of deciding how much leeway to give them and how much to trust the picture they're giving you. That's not an attack on the logic itself, but I have noticed that you sometimes interpret it that way. So... I can't tell if what you're saying is really prevalent, but try to be thoughtful about why people might distrust what you think is a purely logical argument, because you may not be seeing those interactions fully.